During World War II, Anne Frank hid from Nazi persecution with her family and four other people in hidden rooms at the rear of the 17th-century canal house, known as the Secret Annex (Dutch: Achterhuis). Anne Frank did not survive the war but in 1947, her wartime diary was published. In 1957, the Anne Frank Foundation was established to protect the property from developers who wanted to demolish the block.
The museum opened on 3 May 1960. It preserves the hiding place, has a permanent exhibition on the life and times of Anne Frank, and has an exhibition space about all forms of persecution and discrimination. In 2013 and 2014, the museum had 1.2 million visitors and was the 3rd most visited museum in the Netherlands, after the Rijksmuseum and Van Gogh Museum.
The canal-side façade of the former Opekta constructing on Prinsengracht canal in 2008. The Secret Annex (Achterhuis) is on the rear in an enclosed courtyard.
The residence – and the only subsequent door at quantity 265, which was later bought with the aid of means of the museum – was constructed with the aid of means of Dirk van Delft in 1635.[5] The canal-side façade dates from a renovation of 1740[6] while the rear annex was demolished. It was originally a non-public residence, then a warehouse, and within the nineteenth century, the entrance warehouse with its broad stable-like doorways was used to residence horses. At the leap of the 20th century, a brand of household appliances occupied the building, succeeded in 1930 with the aid of means of a producer of piano rolls, who vacated the assets with the aid of means of 1939.
World War II
On 1 December 1940, Anne's father, Otto Frank, moved the workplaces of the spice and gelling corporations he labored for, Opekta and Pectacon, from an handle on Singel canal to Prinsengracht 263.
The surface flooring consisted of three sections; the entrance was the pieces and dispatch entrance, behind it within the heart phase have been the spice mills, and on the rear, which was the surface flooring of the annex, was the warehouse the place the pieces have been packed for distribution. On the primary flooring above have been the workplaces of Frank's employees; Miep Gies, Bep Voskuijl (known in Anne Frank's diary as Elli) and Johannes Kleiman within the entrance office; Victor Kugler within the middle; with Otto Frank within the rear workplace above the warehouse and under the flooring which would later cover him and his household for NULL years till their betrayal to the Nazi authorities.
The Achterhuis (Dutch for "back house") or Secret Annex – because it was referred to as in The Diary of a Young Girl, an English translation of the diary – is the rear extension of the building. It was concealed from view with the aid of means of properties on all 4 facets of a quadrangle. Its secluded function made it an top hiding region for Otto Frank, his spouse Edith, NULL daughters (of whom Anne was the younger), and 4 different Jews looking for refuge from Nazi persecution. Though the complete quantity of flooring home within the inhabited rooms got here to in simple terms about 500 sq. toes (46 m2),[citation needed] Anne Frank wrote in her diary that it was particularly luxury in contrast to different hiding puts that they had heard about. They remained hidden right the following for NULL years and one month till they have been anonymously betrayed to the Nazi authorities, arrested, and deported to their deaths in concentration camps. Of the hidden group, in simple terms Otto Frank survived the concentration demise camps.
After these in hiding have been arrested, the hiding region was cleared with the aid of means of order of the arresting officials and all of the last contents (clothes, furniture, and private belongings) of the Frank household and their chums have been seized and distributed to bombed-out households in Germany. Before the constructing was cleared, Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl, who had helped cover the families, again to the hiding region in opposition to the orders of the Dutch police and rescued a few private effects. Amongst the presents they retrieved was The Diary of Anne Frank.
Publication of the diary
After Otto Frank again to Amsterdam, he was given Anne's diaries and papers and for this reason compiled options right into a e-book revealed in Dutch in 1947 underneath the title Het Achterhuis, which Anne had selected because the title of a destiny memoir or novel founded mostly on her reviews in hiding. Achterhuis is a Dutch architectural time period referring to a back-house (used comparatively with voorhuis meaning front-house). However, while the English translation began production, it was realised that many English-speaking readers may no longer be common with the time period and it was decided that a extra evocative time period (the 'Secret Annexe') would higher deliver the building's hidden position. Otto Frank's contributions to the diary have been such that he's recognized as a co-author.[7]
Museum history
Shortly after the e-book was published, associates have been proven round with the aid of means of the staff who had hidden the households and may see the mystery rooms. However, with the aid of means of 1955, the agency had moved to new premises and the complete block to which the constructing belonged was offered to a single property agent who served a demolition order with the goal of constructing a manufacturing unit on the space. A crusade to shop the constructing and to record it as a covered monument was began with the aid of means of the Dutch paper Het Vrije Volk on 23 November 1955. The constructing was kept with the aid of means of campaigners who staged a protest outdoor the constructing on the day of demolition.
The Anne Frank Foundation was arrange with the aid of means of Otto Frank and Johannes Kleiman on 3 May 1957 with the most important goal of collecting sufficient money to buy and repair the building. In October of that year, the agency who owned it donated the constructing to the Foundation as a goodwill gesture. The collected money have been then used to buy the residence subsequent door, Number 265, rapidly earlier than the last homes on the block have been pulled down as planned. The constructing was opened as a museum to the public in 1960.
The former hiding region of Anne Frank attracted a vast quantity of interest, highly as translations and dramatisations of the Diary had made her a determine recognized during the world. Over 9,000 associates got here in its first year. In a decade, there have been twice as many. Over the years, the constructing has needed to be renovated to take care of such a giant quantity of visitors, and so it closed temporarily in 1970 and in 1999.
On 9 September 2001,[citation needed] Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands reopened the museum, which now incorporated the complete constructing among exhibition spaces, a bookshop and a cafe, and featured the workplaces within the entrance residence reconstructed to their state within the 1940s. In 2007, over one million of us visited the museum.
On monitor screen on the museum is the Academy Award that Shelley Winters won, and later donated to the museum, for her performance as Petronella van Daan within the 1959 movie The Diary of Anne Frank. The award now sits in a bullet-proof glass case within the museum.
In 1998, the Anne Frank Zentrum in Berlin was opened after the completion of a cooperation agreement with the Anne Frank House.
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